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合作单位
产品展示  
 设备 >> 天然气制氢、Natural gas, hydrogen
 
  
产品编号:
581719016
产品名称:
天然气制氢、Natural gas, hydrogen
规  格:
2000-50000
产品备注:
根据用户的实际需要,进行科学合理的设计、生产,管道布局漂亮美观、According to the actual needs of users, scientif
产品类别:
设备
 
产品说明  

天然气制氢工艺

    1、天然气的精制

    转化催化剂在使用过程中极易受到毒害而丧失活性,对原料中的杂质含量有严格的要求,一般要求精制后的原料气硫含量小于0.2PPm,氯小于0.5PPm。由于天然气中含微量硫,因此必须先对天然气进行脱硫处理。由于所含的硫包括有机硫和无机硫两种形态,因此先必须将有机硫转化为无机硫然后再采用氧化锌(Zn0)进行脱硫精制。

其基本反应式如下:

硫醇:     RSH+H2RH+H2S

硫醚:     R1SR2+2H2R1H+R2H+H2S

二硫醚:   R1SSR2+3H2R1H+R2H+2H2S

噻吩:     C4H4S+4H2C4H10+H2S

氧硫化碳:   COS+H2CO+H2S

二硫化碳:   CS2+4H2CH4+2H2S

ZnO()+H2S=ZnS()+H2O Ho 298 =-76.62kJ/mol

 2、天然气蒸汽转化

      精制后的天然气按一定的水碳比与水蒸汽混合,再经转化炉对流段予热后进入转化炉辐射段。在催化剂的作用下,发生复杂的水蒸汽转化反应,从而生产出氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水的平衡混合物。主要反应有:

CH4+H2O =CO+3H2                

CO+3H2=CH4+H2O     HO298 =-206kJ/mol    

CO+H2O=CO2+H2    △HO298 =-41kJ/mol     

      以甲烷为主的天然气,蒸汽转化过程较为简单,主要发生上述反应,最终产品气组成由反应②③平衡决定。

      天然气蒸汽转化反应是体积增大的强吸热反应,低压、高温、高水碳比有利于上述反应的进行。反应过程所需热量由转化炉顶部的气体燃料烧嘴提供,出转化炉的高温转化气经转化气蒸汽发生器换热后,降低温度进入变换部分。 

3、变换部分

      由转化部分来的转化气进入变换反应器,在催化剂的作用下发生变换反应:

CO+H2O=CO2+H2 △HO298 =-41.4KJ/mol

将变换气中CO含量降低,同时继续生产氢气。中变气经过热交换回收部分余热后,再经冷却器冷却分水后进入PSA部分。 

4PSA净化工艺

  4.1吸附剂内孔发达,内表面积丰富,可以有选择地对混合气体中的某类气体进行物理吸附:压力相同,吸附剂易吸附高沸点气体,不易吸附低沸点气体;压力不同,高压下吸附剂的吸附量增加,低压下吸附剂的吸附量减少。通过压力交变,吸附剂选择性吸附的特性,将氢气中的杂质除去。公司相继开发了多床PSA工业装置,并在程序控制方面不断改进和完善,使PSA工艺的氢回收率有了很大提高,操作可靠性,灵活性也得到了较大提高。

  4.2 经过冷却、分水后的中变气,进入PSA单元,吸附除去氢气以外的其它杂质(CH4COCO2H2O),使气体得以净化,吸附了杂质的吸附床再进行减压、吹扫,使吸附剂得以再生后,再充压吸附。上述过程是在一套程序控制系统指挥下自动地周而复始地进行的。净化后的产品氢纯度达到用户要求然后出装置。

 4.3变压吸附再生方式

变压吸附(PSA)循环是吸附和再生的循环,吸附过程是吸附剂在加压时吸附混合气中的某些组份,未被吸附组份通过吸附器层流出,当吸附剂被强吸附组分饱和以后,吸附塔需要进入再生过程,也就是解吸或脱附过程。 
变压吸附(PSA)过程中吸附器内吸附剂解吸是依靠降低杂质分压实现的,在工业装置上可以采用的方法有: 
1)降低吸附器压力(泄压)
2)对吸附器抽真空
 3)用产品组分冲洗 

二、重点设备

1.制氢转化炉

   转化炉是制氢装置的核心设备,它处于高温、高压、临氢状态下操作,对炉管材质及结构有严格要求。转化炉炉管材质为HK40HP40的离心浇铸管,由于炉管的温度高,设计时应充分考虑热膨胀问题。

2PSA吸附床

变压吸附分离为间歇操作,对于每个吸附床来讲,在高压下吸附,在低压下脱附,因此吸附床受交变压力的作用,为疲劳容量,在设计、制造时要引起足够重视。   流量:13000Nm3/h 

三、天然气制氢设备技术参数  

 流量:200050000Nm3/h   

 纯度: 9999.9999%

 产品压力:12.5Mpa

Natural gas, hydrogen technology

    1, purified natural gas

    Reforming catalyst in the course vulnerable to poisoning and loss of activity of the impurities in the raw material, there are strict requirements, general requirements for the sulfur content of the raw gas after refining is less than 0.2PPm, chlorine less than 0.5PPm. Because natural gas contains trace amounts of sulfur, it must first gas desulfurization process. Since the sulfur contained in the organic and inorganic sulfur include two forms, it must first be converted to inorganic sulfur organic sulfur and then using zinc oxide (Zn0) desulfurization refining.

The basic reaction is as follows:

Thiols: RSH + H2 → RH + H2S

Sulfide: R1SR2 + 2H2 → R1H + R2H + H2S

Disulfide: R1SSR2 + 3H2 → R1H + R2H + 2H2S

Thiophene: C4H4S + 4H2 → C4H10 + H2S

COS: COS + H2 → CO + H2S

Carbon disulfide: CS2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2S

ZnO (solid) + H2S = ZnS (solid) + H2O △ Ho 298 = -76.62kJ / mol

 2, steam reforming of natural gas

      Gas refined by a certain steam to carbon ratio mixed with water, and then the reformer convection section after preheating into the reformer radiant section. In the role of a catalyst, the occurrence of a complex steam reforming reaction, thereby producing a balanced mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The main reactions are:

CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2

CO + 3H2 = CH4 + H2O △ HO298 = -206kJ / mol

CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 △ HO298 = -41kJ / mol

      Mainly methane gas, steam reforming is a simple process, mainly the above reaction, the final product from the reaction gas composition determined by the balance ②③.

      Natural gas reforming reaction is highly endothermic reaction increased volume, low pressure, high temperature, high steam to carbon ratios favor the above reaction. After the reaction heat required for the process provided by the gas fuel reformer burner at the top of the high-temperature reformed gas reformer transformed gas steam generator heat exchanger temperature is lowered into the conversion section.

3, the conversion section

      By the conversion section to the conversion of gas into the shift reactor, shift reaction occurs in the role of a catalyst:

CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 △ HO298 = -41.4KJ / mol

Converting gas CO content decreased, while continuing to produce hydrogen. After the change in the air through the heat exchange heat recovery section, and then by cooler water diversion into the PSA section.

4, PSA purification process

  4.1 sorbent hole developed, rich internal surface area can be selectively mixed gas of certain types of physical adsorption of gases: the same pressure, high boiling gas adsorbent easy absorption, adsorption of low-boiling gases is not easy; different pressure, high pressure adsorption adsorption agent is increased, to reduce the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at low pressure. By alternating pressure, selective adsorption properties of the adsorbent, the removal of hydrogen impurities. Companies have developed a multi-bed PSA plant, and constantly improve and perfect the program control, so PSA hydrogen recovery process has been greatly improved, operational reliability, flexibility has also been greatly improved.

  4.2 After cooling, the watershed after the change of gas into the PSA unit, adsorption to remove other impurities other than hydrogen (CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, etc.), the gas will be purified, adsorbed impurities and then vacuum the bed, purging the adsorbent is regenerated after further pressure adsorption. This process is in a process control system, under the command automatically performed again and again. Product hydrogen purity purified user requirements and the means.

 4.3 PSA regeneration mode

Cycle pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle of adsorption and regeneration, the adsorption process is pressurized adsorbent in the mixed gas of some component parts by unabsorbed by adsorption layer flows, when the adsorbent is strongly adsorbed after saturation component, the adsorption tower into the regeneration process requires, i.e. the desorption, or desorption process.
In the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process, the adsorbent within the adsorber is relying on lower impurity partial pressure achieved in the industry means there are methods that can be employed:
1) reduce the adsorption pressure (pressure relief)
2) adsorption evacuated
 3) Rinse with product components

Second, the key equipment

1. Hydrogen Reformer

Reformer hydrogen plant is the core of the device, which is under high temperature, presence of hydrogen status of the operation of the furnace tube material and structure, there are strict requirements. Reformer tubes made of centrifugal HK-40 or HP-40 cast pipe, since high-temperature furnace tube, the design should take full account of thermal expansion problem.

2. PSA adsorbent bed

Pressure swing adsorption intermittent operation, for each bed is concerned, under high pressure adsorption, desorption at low pressure, so the pressure of the adsorbent bed by alternating the role of fatigue capacity in the design, manufacture sufficient attention to . Flow: 1 ~ 3000Nm3 / h

Third, natural gas, hydrogen equipment, technical parameters

 Flow: 2000 ~ 50000Nm3 / h

 Purity: 99 to 99.9999%

 Product pressure: 1 ~ 2.5Mpa

 


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